This study proposes a dimensionless topology optimization design method that comprehensively considers the battery preheating and cooling process, aiming to design a heat exchange plate that has superior adaptability to different external environments throughout the entire usage period of the automotive battery. For battery preheating, compared with traditional straight channels (Case B and Case C), the topology-optimized channel reduced the heating time by 15.81% and 33.91%, respectively. The startup temperature standard deviation was reduced by 32.90% and 73.85%, respectively. Compared with the serpentine channel (Case D), the topology-optimized channel could reduce the heating time and the standard deviation of the battery temperature at startup by 2.45% and 33.07%, respectively, consuming only one seventh of the power cost. For battery cooling, compared with  traditional straight channels, the average temperature at the final discharge stage of the battery using the topology-optimized channel was reduced by 0.88K and 1.98K, respectively, and the standard deviation of the temperature was reduced by 14.47% and 49.78%, respectively. Compared with the serpentine channel, the topology-optimized channel could reduce the average temperature and the temperature standard deviation by 0.14K and 23%, respectively.

Liquid battery thermal management, Topology optimization, Battery preheating, Battery cooling